Abstract:
The complexity, precision and size of the Great Pyramid are contrasted
to the simplicity of pharaohs’ tombs. It is proposed that it is a
plutonium mill. Its perfection of construction and choice of materials
are compared against all other pyramids. The current history of
plutonium production is related. The internal geometry of the pyramid is
given correspondence to the process steps of breeding plutonium,
separating plutonium from other material, disposing of radioactive
waste, using water and producing hydroelectric power. The practical
value of plutonium and the economic justification of the pyramid are
discussed. Later attempts by the Egyptians to recreate the power and
value of the pyramid are analyzed. Scientific methods for testing
whether or not nuclear fission occurred within the pyramid are defined.
Introduction
The Great Pyramid at Giza has remained a complete mystery in modern
times. When was it built? Who built it? Above all else, what is it?
Conventional Egyptology declares that all pyramids were tombs for the
pharaohs.
The sophistication, required technology and cost of the Great Pyramid
conflict with the thought that it is simply a tomb. This level of effort
for a burial place stretches common sense to the breaking point.
To quote Alan Alford (The Phoenix Solution) “Is it so crazy to
suggest that the unique design of the Great Pyramid was a legacy from an
earlier, more advanced culture? In my view, it is certainly much less
crazy than continuing to believe that the Pyramid was constructed as a
tomb for a dead king, and that he built this totally over-engineered and
revolutionary wonder of the world with absolute perfection at the first
attempt.”
His statement was the genesis of this paper.
It is proposed here that the Great Pyramid was a nuclear fission
production mill, and it was a technical and financial success. It did
not create energy but packaged energy within artificially created
isotopes of plutonium. This hypothesis is not fantastic in the sense
that it would be a physical impossibility but is fantastic only in the
fact that it upsets the conventional history of man. The case for this
claim is developed in the remainder of this paper. The approach is to
drop preconceptions about religion and culture, and look upon the Great
Pyramid as a business investment.
The Development of Nuclear Energy
The awareness and confirmation of the release of a vast amount of energy
from nuclear fission was realized in the late 1930s. The Second World
War was initiated at the same time. The entire realm of nuclear fission
quickly became hostage to the war and was placed under military control.
It was developed not in terms of a new source of energy for
civilization but as a weapon of destruction: the fission bomb.
There were two routes to making bomb material. The first avenue involved
the extraction of the fissionable isotope U-235 from uranium ore, which
is almost entirely non-fissionable U-238. The natural U-235
concentration of 0.72% weight fraction had to be purified to 80% weight
fraction. This concentration can be made to go supercritical, or in
other words, a bomb detonation. This type of purification is extremely
difficult and involves hundreds of stages of separation because the only
difference between the two uranium isotopes is their very slight weight
difference. This separation was considered so difficult, that an
alternate route for making bomb material was also pursued during the
war.
If a sufficient amount of uranium ore is placed in the correct geometry
with a “moderator”, such as graphite or water, the neutrons released by
U-235 can be used to create Plutonium 239 from U-238. Pu-239 is bomb
material and is chemically distinct from uranium. It can be chemically
separated from reacted uranium ore by solvent extraction. This procedure
is immensely easier and simpler than U-235 purification. Furthermore, a
great deal of Pu-239 can be produced from the minute fraction of U-235
in uranium ore. This route was pursued at Hanford, Washington.
The natural fission of U-235 releases two to three neutrons which have
high velocity. If these neutrons are allowed to pass through graphite or
water, collisions with the nuclei lower the speed of the neutrons and
reflect them back into the uranium ore where they can cause more fission
of U-235 and can be absorbed by U-238 nuclei. This absorption creates
Pu-239. The Pu-239 can also undergo fission from returning neutrons,
which releases two to three neutrons. These neutrons can be reflected
back into the uranium ore to create even more plutonium. The capacity
for a rapid geometric growth in plutonium is “unlimited” and there can
be a runaway reaction if the system is not carefully controlled. Control
rods, which absorb neutrons, can be inserted into the reactor core to
rapidly reduce the population of neutrons. This control material not
only can prevent a runaway reaction but it can be used to bring the
entire fissioning process to a halt. Alternatively, if the graphite or
water is suddenly removed from close proximity to the uranium ore, the
fissioning process will also come to a halt.
If a nuclear core is run improperly and undergoes a runaway reaction,
the energy release will physically blow the reactor apart and the
runaway reaction will stop. Such an event does not measure up to a
fission bomb detonation by several orders of magnitude. It does
constitute a conventional size thermal explosion and creates a
radioactive mess. This happened at Chernobyl, which used graphite.
If a nuclear core that was set up to create bomb grade plutonium is run
too long, other isotopes of plutonium will be created. If their
concentration reaches 7% or more of all plutonium, then the plutonium cannot
be used for a fission bomb. The other plutonium isotopes interfere with
the growth in neutron population being created by Pu-239 and the
material cannot go supercritical.
However, this mix of plutonium isotopes can be used to produce energy for civilized use.
This fact is the technical and economic basis for breeder reactors. Such
a reactor produces an amount of useful energy and also creates more
nuclear fuel than it consumes. Through the breeding process, the amount
of useful nuclear fuel within U-238 ore can be increased almost one
hundred times. This process constitutes a highly profitable venture, if
properly designed.
Because plutonium was used in two of the first three fission bombs,
which were used in war, the public perception of plutonium is limited to
its use in fission bombs. It is not perceived as an energy source and
is considered to be evil. In actuality, plutonium is inanimate; does not
possess the capacity of morality, and cannot make decisions. Its
behavior is completely predictable. Commercial nuclear reactors are
officially powered by uranium. In reality, one third of the energy
production comes from plutonium, because it is made and consumed in the
reactor core.
At Hanford, Washington, nine nuclear breeder reactors were built in
succession for the sole purpose of making bomb grade plutonium. About 15
monstrous process plants were also built to process the spent reactor
cores, and extract and purify plutonium, and segregate radioactive
waste. The production of energy was a secondary issue. The operating
lifespan of these units was short; none being longer than 21 years.
Although graphite was used at Hanford, water can also be used as a
moderator. In addition, a flow through of water around the reactor can
take away the released energy in the form of hot water or steam. This
limits the temperature of the reactor and prevents a “meltdown”.
Its fascinating story, read on
http://nuclearpyramid.com/great_pyramid.php
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